Spanish and English both use the Latin alphabet, but learning your Spanish ABCs is more than just recognizing letters; it’s about getting those sounds just right!
It is easy for English speakers to mix up the pronunciation on Spanish vowels A, I, and E.
If you pronounce papa (potato) as PAY-puh, that’ll sound like pepa (seed) to a Spanish speaker. It may be tempting to pronounce pepa as PEE-puh, a Spanish speaker will think you’re trying to say pipa (pipe).
And that’s just the vowels!
The Spanish alphabet has a total of 27 letters. It includes the same 26 letters as the English alphabet, plus one more: Ñ.
The Spanish alphabet used to have more letters. In 2010, the Real Academia Española decided that the letters CH, LL, and RR should be combined with the letters C, L, and R. As a result, Spanish dictionaries no longer have separate sections for words that begin with those letter pairings.
Just like the English alphabet, the alphabet in Spanish has a name for every letter. When you learned the ABC song as a child, you were singing the names of the English letters. This is so basic that you probably don’t even think about it anymore. In English these names are only spoken and not written. In Spanish the names are written. So you may see them in print. For example, be is the name for the Spanish letter B.
Letter
Name
Example
Pronunciation
Translation
A
a
amigo
ah-MI-goh
friend
B
be (be larga, be alta)
bola
BO-lah
ball
C
ce
casa, cena
KAH-sa, SEN-a
house, dinner
D
de
día
DEE-ah
day
E
e
este
ES-te
this
F
efe
foto
FO-toe
photo
G
ge
gallo, gente
GAH-yo, HEN-te
rooster, people
H
hache
hola
OH-lah
hi
I
i
isla
EEZ-lah
island
J
jota
jefe
HEH-fay
boss
K
ka
kilo
KEE-loh
kilo
L
ele
libro
LEE-bro
book
M
eme
manzana
mahn-ZAH-nah
apple
N
ene
nube
NEW-beh
cloud
Ñ
eñe
niña
NEEN-yah
little girl
O
o
lobo
LO-boh
wolf
P
pe
pato
PAH-toe
duck
Q
cu
queso
KAY-so
cheese
R
erre
radio
RAH-dee-oh
radio
S
ese
sal
SAHL
salt
T
te
tomate
toe-MAH-tay
tomato
U
u
uva
OO-bah
grape
V
ve chica or ve baja
vaca
BAH-kah
cow
W
doble ve, or doble u
wifi
WEE-fee
wifi
X
equis
México
MEH-hee-koh
Mexico
Y
i griega
yo
YOH
I
Z
zeta
zorro
SOU-rroh
fox
A particular letter makes the same sound with very few exceptions. Three exceptions are the letters C, G, and R. These tricky consonants change their pronunciation based on the other letters around them.
The letter C makes a “k” sound when followed by A, O, or U, but it makes an “s” sound (or in Spain, “th” like “thin”) when followed by E or I.
Spanish Word
Pronunciation
Translation
casa
KAH-sah
house
codo
KOH-DOH
elbow
cuna
KUH-nah
cradle
ceja
SAY-ha
eyebrow
cita
SEE-ta
appointment
The letter G makes a hard “g” sound before A, O, or U, but it makes an “h” sound before E or I.
Spanish Word
Pronunciation
Translation
gafas
GAH-fahs
glasses
gota
GOH-ta
drop
gusto
GOOSE-toe
taste, liking, pleasure
gesto
HEHS-toe
gesture
gigante
hee-GAN-tay
giant
The letter R is trilled when at the beginning of a sentence or when it’s a double RR:
Spanish Word
Pronunciation
Translation
recuerdo
rray-KWER-doh
memory
carro
KAH-rroh
car
caro
KAH-roh
expensive
Tongue twisters, or trabalenguas in Spanish, are a fantastic way to work on your pronunciation of the double r.
Erre con erre cigarro, erre con erre barril. (R with R cigar, R with R barrel.)
Rápido corren los carros, sobre los rieles del ferrocarril. (Quickly run the carriages on the rails of the railway.)